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Choosing Honor Over Revenge: David’s Trials and Triumphs
- Be God's Glory
- Mar 20
- 10 min read
Updated: Mar 24
Welcome to Day 79 of The Glory Team Bible Reading plan and we are beginning the book of 1 Samuel. In 1 Samuel 24-27, David faces multiple tests of character and faith as he continues to flee from King Saul. Twice, David has the opportunity to take Saul’s life but chooses to spare him, demonstrating his deep respect for God’s anointed ruler (Chapters 24 & 26). In Chapter 25, David encounters Nabal and Abigail, highlighting the contrast between foolishness and wisdom. Abigail’s wise intervention prevents David from seeking vengeance, reinforcing the theme of trusting God for justice. Chapter 27, however, shows a shift in David’s strategy—out of fear, he seeks refuge among the Philistines, living under King Achish while secretly working against Israel’s enemies. These events illustrate David’s struggles between faith and fear, wisdom and impulsiveness, and reliance on God versus taking matters into his own hands.
1 Samuel Chapter 24: While hiding in the wilderness of En Gedi, David finds himself in a cave where Saul unknowingly enters to rest. David's men see this as an opportunity to kill Saul, but David refuses, instead secretly cutting off a piece of Saul’s robe to prove he had no intention of harming him. After Saul leaves the cave, David confronts him from a distance, showing the piece of robe and pleading his innocence. Saul is moved to tears and acknowledges David’s righteousness, even admitting that David will one day be king. However, despite this moment of peace, Saul’s pursuit of David does not end permanently. This chapter highlights David’s integrity and his unwavering trust in God’s timing for justice.
1 Samuel Chapter 25: After the death of the prophet Samuel, David encounters Nabal, a wealthy but arrogant man who refuses to help him. Angered by Nabal’s insult, David prepares to attack, but Nabal’s wise wife, Abigail, intervenes with gifts and a humble plea, preventing unnecessary bloodshed. David praises Abigail’s wisdom and later marries her after Nabal dies from what appears to be divine judgment. This chapter contrasts foolishness and wisdom, emphasizing how God can use others to steer us away from rash decisions and guide us toward righteousness.
1 Samuel Chapter 26: Once again, Saul pursues David, this time in the wilderness of Ziph. David and his men sneak into Saul’s camp at night, finding him and his general Abner asleep. Instead of killing Saul, David takes his spear and water jug as proof that he had spared his life. The next morning, David confronts Saul from a distance, calling out Abner’s failure to protect his king. Saul acknowledges his wrongdoing and blesses David, but David remains cautious, knowing Saul’s repentance is short-lived. This chapter reinforces David’s respect for God’s authority and his reliance on divine justice rather than personal vengeance.
1 Samuel Chapter 27: Fearing for his life, David decides to seek refuge in Philistine territory, staying in Ziklag under King Achish’s protection. To maintain trust, David deceives Achish into believing he is attacking Israel’s allies, when in reality, he is raiding enemy nations. This period marks a shift in David’s approach as he relies more on strategy and deception rather than open reliance on God. While this decision grants him temporary security, it also places him in a morally complex position. This chapter highlights the tension between faith and survival as David navigates his journey toward kingship.
Origin & Meaning of the Name:
The book of 1 Samuel is named after Samuel, the prophet and judge who played a significant role in the transition from the period of the judges to the establishment of Israel’s monarchy. The name Samuel comes from the Hebrew "Šəmuʾēl", which is often interpreted as "heard by God" or "name of God." This reflects how Samuel’s mother, Hannah, prayed for a son, and God answered her request (1 Samuel 1:20).
Purpose of the Book:
The primary purpose of 1 Samuel is to document the shift in Israel’s leadership from judges to kings. It highlights the establishment of monarchy, focusing on three key figures: Samuel (the last judge), Saul (Israel’s first king), and David (Israel’s greatest king-to-be). The book demonstrates God’s sovereignty in appointing leaders, the consequences of obedience and disobedience, and how God looks at the heart rather than outward appearances (1 Samuel 16:7).
Authorship & Sources Supporting the Author:
The authorship of 1 Samuel is uncertain, but Jewish tradition (Talmud - Baba Bathra 14b-15a) attributes it to Samuel, Nathan, and Gad based on 1 Chronicles 29:29, which states:
"Now the acts of King David, first and last, indeed they are written in the book of Samuel the seer, in the book of Nathan the prophet, and in the book of Gad the seer."
This suggests that Samuel wrote the portions covering his life (1 Samuel 1-24), while Nathan and Gad may have contributed the rest after Samuel’s death. Other biblical references to Samuel’s writings include 1 Samuel 10:25, which states that Samuel recorded events in a book and laid it before the Lord.
Outside the Bible, Flavius Josephus, a Jewish historian from the 1st century, supports the view that prophets recorded historical events, affirming Samuel’s role in writing and preserving Israel’s history (Antiquities of the Jews, Book 6, Chapter 13).
Key People:
Samuel – The last judge of Israel, a prophet, and a priest who anoints both Saul and David as kings.
Saul – The first king of Israel, chosen by God but later rejected due to disobedience.
David – A shepherd who is anointed as Saul’s successor; he defeats Goliath and gains fame.
Hannah – Samuel’s mother, who prayed for a child and dedicated him to God.
Eli – The high priest who raises Samuel but fails to correct his wicked sons.
Jonathan – Saul’s son and David’s close friend, known for his loyalty and bravery.
Goliath – The Philistine giant defeated by David with a slingshot and faith in God.
Doeg the Edomite – A servant of Saul who betrays and kills the priests of Nob.
Abigail – A wise woman who prevents David from committing bloodshed and later becomes his wife.
Conclusion
The book of 1 Samuel marks a pivotal transition in Israel’s history, shifting from the era of judges to the establishment of monarchy under Saul and David. It highlights God's sovereignty in choosing and rejecting leaders, emphasizing that obedience and faithfulness matter more than outward appearances. Ultimately, 1 Samuel sets the stage for God's covenant with David, foreshadowing the coming of the Messiah through his lineage.
What is God's Name in these Chapters?
In this portion of our journey we want to dive deep into the character of God described in His name. By identifying who God is, we can further relate to Him personally and build a stronger relationship and connection with Our Father.
Names are important. They give significance to places, people, and things. We identify with so much based off what it's name is. This is considerably notable when it comes to the names of God.
"Jehovah" is considered a Latinized version of the Hebrew name "Yahweh" (represented by the consonants YHWH) where the vowels of the Hebrew word "Adonai" (meaning "my Lord") were added to the Tetragrammaton (YHWH) when pronounced by Jewish readers who avoided saying the sacred name directly; essentially, Christian scholars combined the consonants of YHWH with the vowels of Adonai to create the pronunciation "Jehovah" in the Latin alphabet.
Looking for the Names of God from the previous chapters? Due to the overwhelming amount of names we had to dedicate a special place for them for the sake of space. Click the link to see them:
In 1 Samuel 24, God’s character is revealed as sovereign, just, and merciful. He is the ultimate judge who sees all things and ensures justice in His perfect timing. Even though David had the opportunity to take Saul’s life, he trusted God as the one who avenges and delivers. This chapter showcases God’s patience and His expectation for His people to act with integrity, even when faced with personal injustice.
One of the Hebrew names of God that relates to this chapter is Yahweh Shaphat, meaning “The Lord is Judge” (Judges 11:27). David acknowledges that God alone has the right to judge and execute justice. The lesson here is that believers must trust in God's righteous judgment instead of taking matters into their own hands. Even when wronged, God calls His people to respond with grace and faith in His perfect justice.
In 1 Samuel 25, God is depicted as a provider, protector, and the one who upholds justice in 1 Samuel 25. He intervenes through Abigail to prevent David from acting in rash vengeance, showing His wisdom and guidance. God is also revealed as a righteous judge, dealing with Nabal’s foolishness while rewarding Abigail’s wisdom and faith. His providence ensures that justice is served without David having to sin in anger.
A significant Hebrew name of God in this chapter is Yahweh Yireh, meaning “The Lord Will Provide” (Genesis 22:14). God provides David with wise counsel through Abigail, preventing him from making a reckless decision. The lesson in this chapter is that God often uses others to guide us away from destructive choices, and we must be humble enough to listen. He teaches patience, restraint, and reliance on His justice rather than our emotions.
In 1 Samuel 26, God once again reveals His mercy and faithfulness in 1 Samuel 26. He allows David another opportunity to prove his righteousness by sparing Saul’s life. This showcases God’s desire for His people to act with integrity and not take revenge into their own hands. The chapter also highlights God’s sovereignty, as He causes Saul’s entire camp to fall into a deep sleep, protecting David as he approaches Saul’s tent.
The Hebrew name of God reflected in this chapter is Yahweh Nissi, meaning “The Lord is My Banner” (Exodus 17:15). This name signifies God’s protection and guidance in battle. The lesson here is that true victory comes from trusting God rather than taking matters into our own hands. Even when facing opposition, God calls His people to walk in obedience and trust His plan for justice and deliverance.
In 1 Samuel 27, God’s character is shown through His patience and sovereignty, even when His people act out of fear rather than faith. David, overwhelmed by uncertainty, chooses to seek refuge in enemy territory rather than trusting God’s protection in Israel. Despite this, God does not abandon David but allows him to navigate this difficult season without being overtaken by his enemies.
A fitting Hebrew name of God in this chapter is Elohim Machaseh, meaning “God is My Refuge” (Psalm 62:8). While David seeks a physical refuge among the Philistines, true refuge is found only in God. The lesson here is that fear can lead believers to make compromising decisions, but God’s faithfulness remains even when they struggle. He patiently guides His people back to reliance on Him alone.
Christ in Every Book of the Bible
Christ is the theme throughout the Bible. From Genesis to Revelation, God reveals His Son, Jesus Christ.
Christ is the Seed of the woman Genesis 3:14 , He is the Passover Lamb Exodus 12:3, The Atoning Sacrifice Leviticus 17:11, The Smitten Rock Numbers 20:8, 11, The Faithful Prophet Deuteronomy 18:18, Christ is the Captain of the Lord's Host Joshua 5:15, The Divine Deliverer Judges 2:18, The Kinsman Redeemer Ruth 3:12, Christ is the anticipated as the Anointed One,1 Samuel 2:10, The Son of David 2 Samuel 7:14, The Coming King 1 & 2 Kings, Builder of the Temple 1 & 2 Chronicles (1 Chronicles 28:20), Ezra represents Christ as the Restorer of the Nation Ezra 6:14, 15, Nehemiah shows Him as the Restorer of the Temple Nehemiah 6:15, and Esther portrays Him as the Preserver of the Nation Ester 4:14, Christ is seen as the Living Redeemer Job 19:25, The Praise of Israel Psalm 150:6, The Wisdom of God Proverbs 8:22, 23, The Great Teacher Ecclesiastics 12:11, The Fairest of Ten Thousand Song of Solomon 5:10. Christ is the Suffering Servant Isaiah 53:11, The Maker of the New Covenant Jeremiah 31:31, The Man of Sorrows Lamentations 3:28-30, The Glory of God Ezekiel 43:2, The coming Messiah Daniel 9:25, The Lover of the Unfaithful Hosea 3:1, The Hope of Israel Joel 3:16, The Husbandman Amos 9:13, the Savior Obadiah 21, the Resurrected One Jonah 2:10, the Ruler in Israel Micah 5:2, the Avenger Nahum 2:1, the Holy God Habakkuk 1:13, the King of Israel Zephaniah 3:15, the Desire of Nations Haggai 2:7, the Righteous Branch Zechariah 3:8, and the Sun of Righteousness Malachi 4:2.
The King of the Jews Matthew 2:2, the Servant of the Lord Mark 10:45, the Son of Man Luke 19:10, and the Son of God John 1:1. Christ is the Ascended Lord Acts 1:10, the believer's Righteousness Romans 1:17, Sanctification 1 Corinthians 1:30, Sufficiency 2 Corinthians 12:9, and Liberty Galatians 2:4. He is the Exalted Head of the church Ephesians 1:22, the Christian's Joy Philippians 1:26, and the Fullness of Deity Colossians 2:9. In the Thessalonian epistles Christ is the believer's Comfort 1 Thessalonians 4:16, 17 and Glory 2 Thessalonians 1:12. The Christian's Preserver 1 Timothy 4:10, Rewarder 2 Timothy 4:8, Blessed Hope Titus 2:13, and Substitute Philemon 17. He is the High Priest Hebrews 4:15, the Giver of Wisdom James 1:5, the Rock 1 Peter 2:6, and Precious Promise 2 Peter 1:4. John represents Christ as the Life 1 John, the Truth 2 John, and the Way 3 John, Jude portrays Christ as the Advocate and Revelation shows Him as King of Kings and Lord of Lords Revelation 19:16. The whole Bible is literally all about Christ!
Questions:
Let's expand how these chapters expanded your faith and your relationship with God.
Questions About God's Character:
How does God’s justice and mercy appear in David’s decision to spare Saul’s life in 1 Samuel 24 and 26?
In what ways does God show Himself as the ultimate provider and protector in 1 Samuel 25?
How does David’s time among the Philistines in 1 Samuel 27 reveal God’s patience and sovereignty?
What do these chapters teach about God’s role as judge versus our own desire for personal justice?
How do we see God guiding David, even when David struggles with fear and uncertainty?
Questions About Themes:
What do these chapters teach about trusting in God's timing rather than taking matters into our own hands?
How does Abigail’s wisdom in 1 Samuel 25 contrast with Nabal’s foolishness, and what does this reveal about godly decision-making?
In what ways does David’s restraint and patience foreshadow Jesus’ teaching on loving our enemies?
How do these chapters demonstrate the importance of seeking wise counsel before acting?
What lessons do these chapters teach about the consequences of fear-based decisions versus faith-based decisions?
Reflective Application Questions:
When have you been tempted to take revenge instead of trusting God’s justice, and how can David’s example help you?
How can you cultivate patience and self-control when dealing with difficult people in your life?
What role does wise counsel play in your decision-making, and who are the "Abigails" in your life?
In what ways do you sometimes seek security in earthly solutions, as David did in 1 Samuel 27, rather than trusting God?
How can you rely on God’s guidance and justice in a situation where you feel wronged or uncertain?
These questions can help deepen understanding of the themes of these chapters, while encouraging trust in God's sovereignty, justice, faithfulness, and timing. We hope thoughts to these questions invite you to reflect on your own journeys, grow in faith, and understand more about God's nature.
Reference Guides:
Life Application Study Guide
A Popular Survey of the Old Testament by Norman L. Geisler
The Power of God's Names by Tony Evans
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